Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019

Effects shown in research

Maternal health

Findings rated high

Izzo, C., Eckenrode, J., Smith, E., Henderson, C., Cole, R., Kitzman, H., & Olds, D. L. (2005). Reducing the impact of uncontrollable stressful life events through a program of nurse home visitation for new parents. Prevention Science, 6(4), 269–274.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Mental health - Anxiety: Mental Health Inventory (MHI)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.56	Unadjusted mean = 2.56	MD = 0.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Mental health - Depression: Mental Health Inventory (MHI)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.01	Unadjusted mean = 2.02	MD = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.95	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Mental health - Emotional stability: Mental Health Inventory (MHI)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.75	Unadjusted mean = 3.74	MD = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.90	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Mental health - Positive well-being: Mental Health Inventory (MHI)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.78	Unadjusted mean = 3.79	MD = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.90	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Tatelbaum, R., et al. (1997). Effect of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses on pregnancy outcomes, childhood injuries, and repeated childbearing. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(8), 644–652.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Anxiety (MHI), 24 months postpartum, standardized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	Adjusted mean = 99.10	Adjusted mean = 100.30	Mean difference = -1.20	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Depression (MHI), 24 months postpartum, standardized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	Adjusted mean = 99.50	Adjusted mean = 100.10	Mean difference = -0.06	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Diastolic blood pressure	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 66.80	Adjusted mean = 67.50	Mean difference = -0.70	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote9 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 This mean difference, calculated by <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>, is within \|0.01\| of the difference reported by the authors, with the discrepancy likely due to rounding error.
Gestational weight gain	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 14.60	Adjusted mean = 14.90	Mean difference = -0.30	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of Gardnerella infections	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.06	Adjusted mean = 0.07	Mean difference = -0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of hospitalizations during pregnancy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.15	Adjusted mean = 0.13	Mean difference = 0.02	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of sexually transmitted diseases	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.22	Adjusted mean = 0.21	Mean difference = 0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of yeast infections	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.14	Adjusted mean = 0.19	Mean difference = -0.05	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Obstetrical evaluation visits (total)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 2.80	Adjusted mean = 2.80	Mean difference = 0.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote9 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 This mean difference, calculated by <abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr>, is within \|0.01\| of the difference reported by the authors, with the discrepancy likely due to rounding error.
Pearlin Mastery, 24 months postpartum, standardized	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.60	Adjusted mean = 99.40	Mean difference = 2.20	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.01
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	% (adjusted) = 13.00	Adjusted mean % = 20.00	OR = 0.60	HomVEE calculated = -0.31	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Spontaneous abortion, 0–24 months postpartum (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	% (adjusted) = 5.00	Adjusted mean % = 3.00	OR = 1.50	HomVEE calculated = 0.32	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Standard prenatal care visits (total)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 6.20	Adjusted mean = 6.50	Mean difference = -0.30	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Subsequent live birth, 0–24 months postpartum (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	% (adjusted) = 22.00	Adjusted mean % = 31.00	OR = 0.60	HomVEE calculated = -0.28	Statistically significant, p < 0.01	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Subsequent pregnancy, 0-24 months postpartum (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	% (adjusted) = 36.00	Adjusted mean % = 47.00	OR = 0.60	HomVEE calculated = -0.28	Statistically significant, p < 0.01	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio. footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.
Systolic blood pressure	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36th week of pregnancy	Full (Memphis)	916 mothers	Adjusted mean = 111.70	Adjusted mean = 112.60	Mean difference = -0.90	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Therapeutic abortion, 0–24 months postpartum (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	671 mothers	% (adjusted) = 2.00	Adjusted mean % = 4.00	OR = 0.50	HomVEE calculated = -0.43	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote6 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 The odds ratio compares the nurse-visited group to the comparison.

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Sidora, K., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., et al. (2000). Enduring effects of nurse home visitation on maternal life course: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 283(15), 1983–1989.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of months between birth or first and second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 30.25	Adjusted mean = 26.60	Mean difference = 3.65	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01
Number of subsequent live births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.85	Adjusted mean = 0.96	Mean difference = -0.11	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of subsequent pregnancies	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.15	Adjusted mean = 1.34	Mean difference = -0.19	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.05
Number of subsequent pregnancies with short intervals (< 6 months from previous delivery or termination)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.22	Adjusted mean = 0.32	Mean difference = -0.10	Not available	Statistically significant, p < 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of subsequent spontaneous abortions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.10	Adjusted mean = 0.12	Mean difference = -0.12	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of subsequent still births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.01	Adjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of subsequent therapeutic abortions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	3-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	646 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.05	Adjusted mean = 0.10	Mean difference = -0.05	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote3 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).

Olds, D. L., Eckenrode, J., Henderson, C. R., Kitzman, H., Powers, J., Cole, R., et al. (1997). Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(8), 637–643.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Incidence of substance use impairments	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	245 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.34	Adjusted mean = 0.43	Mean difference = -0.09	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Months between birth of first and second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	227 mothers	Adjusted mean = 39.80	Adjusted mean = 37.30	Mean difference = 2.50	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Months between birth of first and second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	245 mothers	Adjusted mean = 41.70	Adjusted mean = 37.30	Mean difference = 4.40	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Subsequent births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	245 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.30	Adjusted mean = 1.60	Mean difference = -0.30	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Subsequent births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	227 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.40	Adjusted mean = 1.60	Mean difference = -0.20	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Subsequent pregnancies	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	227 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.90	Adjusted mean = 2.10	Mean difference = -0.20	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Subsequent pregnancies	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	245 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.70	Adjusted mean = 2.10	Mean difference = -0.40	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Substance use impairments since birth of first child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	227 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.45	Adjusted mean = 0.43	Mean difference = 0.02	Not available	Statistical significance not reported

Olds, D. L., Henderson Jr., C. R., Tatelbaum, R., & Chamberlin, R. (1986). Improving the delivery of prenatal care and outcomes of pregnancy: A randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics, 77(1), 16.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Average weight gain (pounds)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Prepregnancy to last prenatal visit	Full (Elmira)	289 mothers	Mean = 35.71	Mean = 32.78	Mean difference = 2.93	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Bladder infection (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	306 mothers	Mean % = 10.00	Mean % = 6.00	Mean difference = 4.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.34	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Change in average adequacy of diet (percentage RDA)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to week 32	Full (Elmira)	253 mothers	Mean = 4.14	Mean = -0.33	Mean difference = 3.81	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05
Change in blood pressure	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to last prenatal visit	Full (Elmira)	295 mothers	Mean = 7.60	Mean = 7.13	Mean difference = -0.47	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Change in percentage experienced bleeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	First to third trimester	Full (Elmira)	295 mothers	= 0.00	= 0.05	Mean difference = 5.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote150 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 High score equals unfavorable.
Change in percentage experienced spotting	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	First to third trimester	Full (Elmira)	308 mothers	= -0.03	= -0.06	Mean difference = -3.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.40	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Edema (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	308 mothers	Mean % = 62.00	Mean % = 58.00	Mean difference = 0.04	HomVEE calculated = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Hematocrit (percentage, last before delivery)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	308 mothers	Mean % = 36.76	Mean % = 36.67	Mean difference = 0.09	HomVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	308 mothers	Mean % = 4.00	Mean % = 7.00	Mean difference = -3.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.36	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Kidney infection (percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	306 mothers	Mean % = 0.00	Mean % = 3.00	Mean difference = -3.00	Not available	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01
Number alcoholic drinks per week (average change)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to week 32	Full (Elmira)	293 mothers	Mean = -0.04	Mean = -0.06	Mean difference = -0.02	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of antepartum visits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	32 weeks	Full (Elmira)	292 mothers	Mean = 10.49	Mean = 10.50	Mean difference = -0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Number of calls to physician/clinic	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	32 weeks	Full (Elmira)	292 mothers	Mean = 1.43	Mean = 1.72	Mean difference = -0.29	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Proteinuria (≥ 2+, percentage)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	Enrollment to delivery	Full (Elmira)	308 mothers	Mean % = 5.00	Mean % = 3.00	Mean difference = 2.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.32	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Olds, D. L., Henderson, Jr., C. R., Tatelbaum, R., & Chamberlin, R. (1988). Improving the lifecourse development of socially disadvantaged parents: A randomized trial of nurse home visitation. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 1436–1445.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Number of births including first born (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	216 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.65	Adjusted mean = 1.85	Mean difference = -0.20	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of births including first born (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	203 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.77	Adjusted mean = 1.85	Mean difference = -0.08	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of months between first and second child (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	203 mothers	Adjusted mean = 41.58	Adjusted mean = 37.11	Mean difference = 4.47	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of months between first and second child (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	216 mothers	Adjusted mean = 40.76	Adjusted mean = 37.11	Mean difference = 3.65	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of pregnancies (0–22 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	22 months postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	188 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.31	Adjusted mean = 0.44	Mean difference = -0.13	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of pregnancies (0–22 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	22 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	196 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.38	Adjusted mean = 0.44	Mean difference = -0.06	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of pregnancies (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	205 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.82	Adjusted mean = 1.06	Mean difference = -0.24	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of pregnancies (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	194 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.90	Adjusted mean = 1.06	Mean difference = -0.16	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of spontaneous abortions (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	205 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.10	Adjusted mean = 0.13	Mean difference = -0.03	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of spontaneous abortions (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	194 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.12	Adjusted mean = 0.13	Mean difference = -0.01	Not available	Statistical significance not reported
Number of therapeutic abortions (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and comparison (Elmira)	205 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.05	Adjusted mean = 0.04	Mean difference = 0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05	footnote1 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the log-incidence difference.
Number of therapeutic abortions (0–46 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	46 months, postpartum	Nurse visited during pregnancy and comparison (Elmira)	194 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.05	Adjusted mean = 0.04	Mean difference = 0.01	Not available	Statistical significance not reported

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H. J., Cole, R. E., Hanks, C. A., Arcoleo, K. J., Anson, E. A., Luckey, D. W., Knudtson, M. D., Henderson, C. R., Bondy, J., & Stevenson, A. J. (2010). Enduring effects of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses on maternal life course and government spending: Follow-up of a randomized trial among children at age 12 years. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(5), 419-424

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Alcohol or other drug use	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	%(adjusted) = 10.00	Adjusted mean % = 10.00	OR = 0.91	HomVEE calculated = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Cumulative subsequent births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	0 to 12 years	Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.07	Adjusted mean = 1.15	Mean difference = -0.08	HomVEE calculated = -1.69	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Cumulative subsequent births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	10 to 12 years	Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.80	Adjusted mean = 1.83	Mean difference = -0.03	HomVEE calculated = -0.42	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Pearlin Mastery Scale	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.07	Adjusted mean = 99.56	Mean difference = 1.51	HomVEE calculated = 2.80	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Pearlin Mastery Scale	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months to 12 years	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.04	Adjusted mean = 99.60	Mean difference = 1.44	HomVEE calculated = 4.30	Statistically significant, p < .05
Role impairment due to alcohol or drug use	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	%(adjusted) = 0.00	Adjusted mean % = 3.00	Difference = -0.03	Not available	Statistically significant, p < .05
Symptoms of psychological distress (borderline/clinical vs. normal)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy and infancy and development screening comparison (Memphis)	594 mothers	%(adjusted) = 18.00	Adjusted mean % = 17.00	OR = 1.09	HomVEE calculated = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Cole, R., Robinson, J., Sidora, K., Luckey, D. W., et al. (2004). Effects of nurse home-visiting on maternal life course and child development: Age 6 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1550–1559

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
MHI	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	Adjusted mean = 100.18	Adjusted mean = 99.92	Mean difference = 0.26	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76
Behavioral problems attributable to substance abuse	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 4.00	Adjusted mean % = 4.00	OR = 0.94	HomVEE calculated = -0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.88	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Currently uses marijuana	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 5.00	Adjusted mean % = 3.00	OR = 1.37	HomVEE calculated = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.47	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Moderate/heavy drinker (= 3 drinks = 3 times per month)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 5.00	Adjusted mean % = 3.00	OR = 2.03	HomVEE calculated = 0.44	Not statistically significant, p = 0.11	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Months between births of first and second children	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	Adjusted mean = 34.38	Adjusted mean = 30.23	Mean difference = 4.15	Study reported = 0.26	Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Number of subsequent children (birth to 72 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.08	Adjusted mean = 1.28	Mean difference = -0.20	Study reported = -0.22	Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Number of subsequent pregnancies (birth to 72 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.16	Adjusted mean = 1.38	Mean difference = -0.22	Study reported = -0.22	Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Pearlin Mastery Scale	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	Adjusted mean = 100.46	Adjusted mean = 99.79	Mean difference = 0.67	Study reported = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.43
Subsequent abortion (rate per subsequent pregnancy)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 4.00	Adjusted mean % = 5.00	OR = 0.70	HomVEE calculated = -0.23	Not statistically significant, p = 0.42	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Subsequent miscarriage (rate per subsequent pregnancy)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	641 mothers	% (adjusted) = 3.00	Adjusted mean % = 5.00	OR = 0.75	HomVEE calculated = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p = 0.50	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Anson, E., Sidora-Arcoleo, K., et al. (2007). Effects of nurse home visiting on maternal and child functioning: Age-9 follow-up of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 120(4), e832–e845.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Cumulative subsequent live birth per year (6–9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy during infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.40	Adjusted mean = 1.53	Mean difference = -0.13	Study reported = -0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.17	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Cumulative subsequent live births per year (0–9 yr postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.81	Adjusted mean = 0.93	Mean difference = -0.12	Study reported = -0.14	Statistically significant, p < 0.05	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Maternal depression (CES-D) (9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 1.71	Adjusted mean = 1.72	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.87	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Number of months between birth of first and second child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 40.73	Adjusted mean = 34.09	Mean difference = 6.64	Study reported = 0.29	Statistically significant, p < 0.01	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Number of subsequent abortions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.14	Adjusted mean = 0.20	Mean difference = -0.06	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.15	footnote4 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.
Number of subsequent miscarriages (0–9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.24	Adjusted mean = 0.24	Mean difference = 0.00	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	footnote4 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.
Number of substances used (moderate/heavy alcohol, marijuana, cocaine) since last interview	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.10	Adjusted mean = 0.17	Mean difference = -0.07	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.08	footnote4 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculation of incidence ratio.
Pearlin Mastery Scale (9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 100.79	Adjusted mean = 99.75	Mean difference = 1.04	Study reported = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Pearlin Mastery Scale (6 months–9 years postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.00	Adjusted mean = 99.50	Mean difference = 1.53	Study reported = 0.15	Statistically significant, p < 0.01	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.
Subsequent still birth (0–9 years postpartum), percentage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9-year follow-up	Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis)	627 mothers	% (adjusted) = 1.00	Adjusted mean % = 2.00	Mean difference = -1.00	Study reported = 1.00	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	footnote2 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Statistical significance reported on authors’ calculations of the odds ratio.

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., O’Brien, R., Luckey, D. W., Pettitt, L. M., Henderson, C. R., et al. (2002). Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(3), 486.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Subsequent birth (24 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	436 mothers	% (adjusted) = 12.00	Adjusted mean % = 19.00	OR = 0.58	HomVEE calculated = -0.33	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05
Subsequent pregnancy (24 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	436 mothers	% (adjusted) = 29.00	Adjusted mean % = 41.00	OR = 0.60	HomVEE calculated = -0.32	Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
MHI	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	Adjusted mean = 99.82	Adjusted mean = 99.16	Mean difference = 0.66	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49
Behavioral problems attributable to substance use	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.15	= 0.12	OR = 1.27	HomVEE calculated = 0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.41
Currently using marijuana	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.08	= 0.09	OR = 0.86	HomVEE calculated = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.67
Moderate/heavy drinker (= 3 drinks, = 3 times in 14 days)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.04	= 0.04	OR = 1.09	HomVEE calculated = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.84
Months between births of first and second children	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	Adjusted mean = 24.51	Adjusted mean = 20.39	Mean difference = 4.12	Study reported = 0.32	Statistically significant, p = 0.01
Number of subsequent live births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.48	Adjusted mean = 0.57	Mean difference = -0.09	Study reported = -0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.18
Number of subsequent pregnancies	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.85	Adjusted mean = 0.88	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.72
Pearlin Mastery Scale	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	Adjusted mean = 99.41	Adjusted mean = 99.31	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.91
Subsequent abortion	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.05	= 0.05	OR = 0.94	HomVEE calculated = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.89
Subsequent miscarriage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	424 mothers	= 0.09	= 0.12	OR = 0.73	HomVEE calculated = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.31

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., O’Brien, R., Luckey, D. W., Pettitt, L. M., Henderson, C. R., et al. (2002). Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(3), 486.

NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Subsequent birth (24 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	417 mothers	% (adjusted) = 13.00	Adjusted mean % = 19.00	OR = 0.63	HomVEE calculated = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote3 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
Subsequent pregnancy (24 months postpartum)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	417 mothers	% (adjusted) = 33.00	Adjusted mean % = 41.00	OR = 0.70	HomVEE calculated = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05	footnote3 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Authors report the difference in this outcome to be statistically significant, p < 0.10, which is greater than the acceptable alpha for this review (α = 0.05).
Use of emergency services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36 weeks (prenatal)	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	344 mothers	% (adjusted) = 9.00	Adjusted mean % = 9.00	OR = 1.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Use of preventative services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36 weeks (prenatal)	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	344 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.67	Adjusted mean = 0.69	Mean difference = -0.02	Not available	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05

Findings rated moderate

Izzo, C., Eckenrode, J., Smith, E., Henderson, C., Cole, R., Kitzman, H., & Olds, D. L. (2005). Reducing the impact of uncontrollable stressful life events through a program of nurse home visitation for new parents. Prevention Science, 6(4), 269–274.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Alcohol impairment score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.35	Unadjusted mean = 0.37	MD = -0.02	HomVEE calculated = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.87	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Substance use - # cigarettes smoked per day	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 8.32	Unadjusted mean = 10.56	MD = -2.24	HomVEE calculated = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p = 0.11	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Substance use - binge drinking: # days had 5+ drinks in the past year	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 years	Nurse-visited group 4 vs. comparison groups 1 and 2, Elmira sample	300 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 11.70	Unadjusted mean = 9.27	MD = 2.43	HomVEE calculated = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.65	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., O’Brien, R., Luckey, D. W., Pettitt, L. M., Henderson, C. R., et al. (2002). Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 110(3), 486.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Use of emergency services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36 weeks (prenatal)	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	353 mothers	% (adjusted) = 6.00	Adjusted mean % = 9.00	OR = 0.64	HomVEE calculated = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05
Use of preventative services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36 weeks (prenatal)	Nurse home visitor and comparison (Denver)	353 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.80	Adjusted mean = 0.69	Mean difference = 0.11	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p > 0.05

Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Knudtson, M. D., Anson, E., Smith, J. A., & Cole, R. (2014). Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: Results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(9), 800-806.

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
21 year maternal mortality rate - all causes (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	1138 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.01	Unadjusted mean = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.03	HomVEE calculated = -0.69	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
21 year maternal mortality rate - all causes (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	1138 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.01	Unadjusted mean = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.03	HomVEE calculated = -0.69	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
21 year maternal mortality rate - all causes (Nurse home visits during pregnancy plus 2 postpartum visits vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy plus 2 postpartum visits vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	910 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.04	HomVEE calculated = -1.41	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
21 year maternal mortality rate - external cause (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	1138 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -1.22	Statistically significant, p = 0.02	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
21 year maternal mortality rate - external cause (Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy and infancy vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	1138 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -1.22	Statistically significant, p = 0.02	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
21 year maternal mortality rate - external cause (Nurse home visits during pregnancy plus 2 postpartum visits vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	21 years	Nurse home visits during pregnancy plus 2 postpartum visits vs. transport to prenatal appointment comparison (Memphis)	910 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.02	Not available	Not statistically significant, p = 0.05	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.

Olds, D. L., Robinson, J., Pettitt, L., Luckey, D. W., Holmberg, J., Ng, R. K., et al. (2004). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: Age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 114(6), 1560-1568.

NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
MHI	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.20	Adjusted mean = 99.16	Mean difference = 0.66	Study reported = -0.03	Statistically significant, p = 0.03
Behavioral problems attributable to substance use	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.10	= 0.12	OR = 0.82	HomVEE calculated = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.52
Currently using marijuana	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison, (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.09	= 0.09	OR = 0.94	HomVEE calculated = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.87
Moderate/heavy drinker (= 3 drinks, = 3 times in 14 days)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.03	= 0.04	OR = 0.74	HomVEE calculated = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p = 0.54
Months between births of first and second children	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	Adjusted mean = 22.20	Adjusted mean = 20.39	Mean difference = 1.81	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.27
Number of subsequent live births	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.53	Adjusted mean = 0.57	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.57
Number of subsequent pregnancies	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.88	Adjusted mean = 0.88	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00
Pearlin Mastery Scale	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	Adjusted mean = 101.20	Adjusted mean = 99.31	Mean difference = 1.94	Study reported = 0.20	Statistically significant, p = 0.03
Subsequent abortion	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.06	= 0.05	OR = 1.19	HomVEE calculated = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.67
Subsequent miscarriage	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	4-year follow-up	Paraprofessional home visitor and comparison (Denver)	431 mothers	= 0.07	= 0.12	OR = 0.50	HomVEE calculated = -0.42	Statistically significant, p = 0.04

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